Economic Impact Report · DOC 04 OF 06 · St. Lucie County, Florida · Economic Impact Review

What this document is

The State A / State B economic model: what the County pays under the current system and under the CSA, and what it receives — shown as separate flows.

Three things this document says
  1. State A is the $79/ton gate rate, rising, with Cell V at ~$30M to extend capacity.
  2. State B: $14.60M Year-1 Beneficiation Fee at Phase Initial; a Circular Royalty™ of $17.52M in Year 2 growing to ~$874M gross over 30 years.
  3. Two independent gross transactions, reported separately; zero County capital.
Carbotura · Circular Advantage Program · Economic Impact Report

St. Lucie County, Florida
Economic Impact Report

State A locks St. Lucie County into accelerating disposal costs — State B converts the same volume into a 30-year royalty return

Document: Stage 1 Economic Impact Report Prepared for: St. Lucie County, Florida Date: May 2026 Basis: State A from the Feedstock System Assessment; State B from the Proposal EIR Input Block; FWDC VERIFIED, all else ESTIMATED

EIR Overview

The EIR is a delta model — it quantifies the difference between State A (current system) and State B (with Carbotura). All State B values are locked in the Proposal EIR Input Block.

EIR Dependency Rule

All State B values in this EIR are sourced exclusively from the Proposal EIR Input Block (§5 of the Proposal document). No State B values are introduced independently in this document. State A values are sourced from the Waste Study (§3 Cost Structure) and the Assumption Registry.

Decision Summary Table

Side-by-side State A vs. State B comparison across all key decision dimensions.

Dimension STATE A Current System STATE B With Carbotura
NAICS classificationSolid waste: 562213 / 562219Manufacturing: 325180 / 325998 / 327992 / 331110 / 331314 / 331492
RPT statusN/ARPT confirmed — manufacturing NAICS required
Primary disposal pathwaySt. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill (331 ac, Cell V expansion)ACM facility — Phase Initial 400 TPD — provisional P1/P2/P3 sites
Disposal cost / ton$79.00/ton Class 1 gate VERIFIED$100.00/ton Beneficiation Fee Year 1
Annual system cost (400 TPD)$11.53M ($79 × 146,000 TPY)$14.60M Year 1 Beneficiation Fee
Annual royalty return$0$17.52M Year 2 (120% × $14.60M)
Net position Year 1($11.53M) — disposal cost only($14.60M) — pre-royalty period
Net position Year 2+($11.53M) and rising — no return+$2.56M royalty surplus; +$14.00M total vs. State A
Landfill cell consumptionAccelerating — Cell V expansion ~$30M cost400 TPD diverted — Cell V life extended ESTIMATED
WTE/RRF pathwayNone — rejected 2023 (air quality)N/A — manufacturing classification
30-year gross royalty$0~$874M Phase Initial ESTIMATED
Direct employmentLandfill operations only~100 FTE Phase Initial ESTIMATED
Exogenesis™ RoyaltyN/A — landfill liabilitySt. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill — candidate (subject to Waste Characterization Study confirmation)
Accounting standardUS GAAP / GASBUS GAAP / GASB

All State B values sourced from Proposal EIR Input Block (§5). Net position Year 2+ = Royalty Year 2 − Fee Year 2 ($17.52M − $14.97M) + avoided disposal ($11.53M) = +$14.08M vs. State A baseline. ESTIMATED

State A — Current System Baseline

State A is the counterfactual: current waste system operations without the Carbotura CSA. All State A values are sourced from the Waste Study and Assumption Registry.

State A ParameterValueStatus
Primary disposal facilitySt. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill, 6120 Glades Cut-Off Rd, Fort Pierce, FLVERIFIED
FWDC (Class 1 gate rate)$79.00/ton effective Feb 1, 2025VERIFIED
Annual disposal cost at 400 TPD$11.534M ($79.00 × 146,000 TPY)DERIVED
Landfill capacity statusCell V expansion underway (~$30M); accelerated filling post-2020ESTIMATED
Rate trajectoryRates unchanged since 1990s; $79/ton effective Feb 2025; further increase Oct 2025VERIFIED
WTE/RRF statusNone present; combustion model considered and rejected in 2023VERIFIED
Collection contractorsWaste Pro (unincorporated county); FCC Environmental Services (Port St. Lucie)VERIFIED
WWTP biosolids operatorsFPUA; St. Lucie County Utilities; City of Port St. Lucie Utility Systems; St. Lucie West Services DistrictVERIFIED

Phase Delta Analysis

The delta model quantifies the gross transition from State A to State B across all three fiscal periods. Avoided Disposal and Circular Royalty™ are shown independently per the Separate Transaction Principle.

State A vs. State B — Gross Annual Fiscal Components · Phase Initial 400 TPD · Years 1–10
State A disposal cost (grey) compared to State B gross components: Beneficiation Fee (red), Circular Royalty™ (emerald), Avoided Disposal credit (amber). No net position line. Year 1 royalty = $0 (13-month pre-royalty period).
Year A Disposal Cost A Royalty Return B Beneficiation Fee B Circular Royalty™ B Royalty Surplus Net Delta A→B
Year 1($11.53M)$0($14.60M)$0 (lag)($14.60M)($3.07M)
Year 2($11.53M)$0($14.97M)$17.52M+$2.55M+$14.08M
Year 3($11.53M)$0($15.34M)$18.11M+$2.77M+$14.30M
Year 5($11.53M)$0($16.12M)$19.34M+$3.22M+$14.75M
Year 10($11.53M)$0($18.23M)$22.77M+$4.54M+$16.07M
Year 20($11.53M)$0($23.34M)$31.43M+$8.09M+$19.62M
Year 30($11.53M)$0($29.88M)$43.14M+$13.26M+$24.79M

Royalty figures are amounts received. The royalty is paid 13 months in arrears, so the figure shown for a year is earned on the previous year’s delivered tonnage.

Net Delta A→B = (Circular Royalty™ − Beneficiation Fee) + Avoided Disposal ($11.53M). Year 1 Delta = $0 − $14.60M + $11.53M = ($3.07M). Year 2+: Delta is positive and growing. Beneficiation Fee and Circular Royalty™ shown as gross independent items per the Separate Transaction Principle — no netting. ESTIMATED

Phase Delta Map — State A → State B

Current disposal infrastructure (State A) versus proposed ACM deployment configuration (State B). State B values sourced exclusively from the Proposal EIR Input Block.

Phase Delta Map requires a Google Maps API key.
Set GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY in config.js.

● State A — Current System
St. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill
Primary MSW disposal · 331 ac · Cell V expansion
FWDC $79/ton · Exogenesis™ candidate
WM Fort Pierce Transfer Station
Commercial transfer · Selvitz Rd, Fort Pierce
FPUA Water Reclamation Facility
WWTP — Fort Pierce + N. Unincorporated County
Class B biosolids · feedstock candidate
Port St. Lucie Utility Systems
WWTP — Port St. Lucie · 18 MGD
Class B biosolids · feedstock candidate
St. Lucie West Services District
WWTP — St. Lucie West community
Class B biosolids · feedstock candidate
■ State B — With Carbotura
■ ACM Priority 1 — Phase Initial
P1 provisional site · Southern Fort Pierce Corridor
400 TPD · ~100 FTE · COD T₀+24 mo PROVISIONAL
Closing / capacity-constrained landfill
Transfer station
WWTP
ACM Priority 1 (State B)

Fiscal Period Analysis

Three mandatory fiscal periods — must be explicitly distinguished. Combining them is a FAIL condition.

Three Required Principles — Circular Royalty™

Gross cost displacement is quantified separately from Circular Royalty™ cash flow. Full net fiscal position reflects both.

At steady state, the Circular Royalty™ is designed to exceed the Beneficiation Fee on a per-ton basis.

Circular Royalty™ payments begin 13 months after corresponding Beneficiation Fee payments and ramp to full run-rate on a rolling basis.

Pre-Royalty Period Separation

Three fiscal periods are structurally distinct and must not be combined or averaged.

Period 1
Pre-Royalty · Months 1–12
County pays Beneficiation Fee; receives zero Circular Royalty™. The 13-month royalty lag applies — the first royalty payment corresponds to the first Beneficiation Fee payment (Month 1) and is received Month 14.
County position: ($14.60M) Year 1 gross fee
Period 2
Royalty Ramp · Month 13 → ~Month 24
Rolling royalty begins. Month 13 payment = 120% × Month 1 fee. Royalty payments accumulate month-by-month against corresponding prior fee payments. Full annual royalty run-rate reached by Month 24.
Year 2: $17.52M royalty vs. $14.97M fee
Period 3
Steady-State · Year 2 onward
Royalty exceeds Beneficiation Fee on a per-ton basis. Annual royalty surplus grows from +$2.56M in Year 2 to +$13.26M by Year 30 at Phase Initial scale. Escalation continues throughout 30-year term.
Year 30: $43.14M royalty vs. $29.88M fee

Three periods are distinct and must not be combined. Year 1 net includes only pre-royalty deficit. Year 2+ includes full royalty return. 30-year analysis must show all three periods explicitly. ESTIMATED

Implementation Requirements

RequirementStatusOwner
RPT confirmation — manufacturing NAICS classificationREQUIRED BEFORE EXECUTIONSt. Lucie County / FDEP
Waste Characterization Study (WCS)REQUIRED BEFORE EXECUTIONCarbotura + County
Site candidate assessment (P1/P2/P3)PROVISIONALCarbotura
County Commission approval — CSAPENDINGSt. Lucie County BOCC
FDEP permitting — manufacturing facilityPENDINGCarbotura SPV
Exogenesis™ Royalty — Waste Characterization StudyCONDITIONALCarbotura + County
CSA executionPENDING COUNTY EXECUTIONSt. Lucie County BOCC

Executive Implications

Implication 1 — The disposal cost inversion is structural and permanent

State A projects a deepening disposal cost without a royalty offset. Cell V expansion (~$30M) extends landfill life but does not change the fundamental economics. In State B, Year 2 delivers a net positive position of approximately +$14.1M vs. the State A baseline — and this gap widens every year.

Implication 2 — Year 1 is the only net-negative year under State B

The pre-royalty period (Year 1) is the single year in which State B generates a larger net outflow than State A (+$3.07M incremental cost vs. State A). From Year 2 onward, State B generates a growing positive delta. The decision cost of delay is one additional year of State A disposal cost at $11.53M — without the royalty return that begins from Month 13.

Implication 3 — Exogenesis™ Royalty represents a second stream on liability already carried on the balance sheet

The St. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill represents an existing environmental and financial liability. The Exogenesis™ Royalty converts legacy landfill material into a structured dual-stream royalty payment — without altering the primary CSA terms. Subject to WCS outcome, this represents incremental royalty from an asset that currently generates no income.

Implication 4 — RPT is engagement-terminating if not confirmed

If St. Lucie County's planning or permitting process classifies the ACM facility under solid waste NAICS codes (562212, 562213, 562219, or 562920), Carbotura will not execute the agreement. The RPT must be confirmed and documented by St. Lucie County and FDEP before commercial terms are executed. This is the primary implementation risk in the schedule.

Unresolved Data Gaps

Items that remain unresolved at this stage of the engagement. Each gap is tracked with its confidence tier and required resolution path.

WARN
Feedstock composition: MSW composition uses Florida coastal county benchmarks. Actual composition may differ. Waste Characterization Study required prior to CSA execution. Impacts addressable TPD and royalty basis.
PROVISIONAL
Site candidates P1/P2/P3: Coordinates and acreage are planning estimates. No title search, environmental Phase I, or zoning confirmation has been completed. Site selection may shift Phase Initial COD timeline.
WARN
Contractor/municipal bulk disposal rate: The verified Class 1 gate rate ($79/ton) is used in the CSA model. Contractor bulk rate is estimated at ~$69/ton (Oct 2025) from news sources. If bulk rate is confirmed lower, the avoided-disposal delta calculation will adjust accordingly.
WARN
Exogenesis™ qualifying volume: The St. Lucie County Sanitary Landfill qualifies as an Exogenesis™ candidate based on operational history and current decommissioning context. Actual qualifying volume and remediation cost schedule are subject to Waste Characterization Study confirmation. Exogenesis™ Royalty stream is conditional on this outcome.
PROVISIONAL
Biosolids contractor rates and biosolids TPD: Four WWTP operators confirmed but individual biosolids volume by operator not documented. Combined ~60–80 TPD estimate applies. Operator-level figures required for Phase Medium sizing.

Inherited Flags

Inherited Flags — Carried from Waste Study and Proposal
FWDC: $79.00/ton Class 1 gate rate — VERIFIED from stlucieco.gov (Feb 2025). Contractor/municipal bulk rate ~$69/ton ESTIMATED. CSA model uses $79/ton (conservative).
Population: ~370,000 (2024) — ESTIMATED from regional growth trajectory. Total addressable MSW stream ~1,100 TPD — ESTIMATED.
Site candidates (P1/P2/P3): PROVISIONAL — coordinates and acreage are planning estimates only. Site-specific assessment required.
Feedstock composition: Standard Florida coastal county benchmarks — ESTIMATED. Waste Characterization Study required prior to execution.
No WTE/RRF in county: VERIFIED — St. Lucie County explicitly rejected combustion model (2023). No competing thermochemical disposal pathway.
RPT: Regulatory Predicate Transition (RPT) confirmed in §1 of Proposal. EIR proceeds on that basis. Manufacturing NAICS (Sector 31–33) required.

Sources

State A values sourced from: stlucieco.gov/departments-and-services/solid-waste/waste-fees (FWDC gate rate, Feb 1 2025 — VERIFIED); wflx.com/2025/03/12 (landfill deficit, rate history, Cell V expansion — ESTIMATED); wptv.com/news/treasure-coast (landfill capacity and WTE rejection — VERIFIED context); fpua.com/wastewater-service/ (FPUA WWTP — VERIFIED). State B values sourced exclusively from Proposal EIR Input Block (§5 of the CSA Proposal document, May 2026). Employment and TPD projections from Carbotura standard manufacturing parameters — ESTIMATED. All figures USD. Accounting standard: US GAAP / GASB. Verification date: May 2026.

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Indicative reference only — not an offer. All financial figures are Carbotura planning-basis estimates unless marked VERIFIED. The $79/ton FWDC is verified from stlucieco.gov (Class 1 gate rate, effective 1 February 2025). The Beneficiation Fee of $100/ton and all royalty figures are ESTIMATED on Carbotura standard parameters and are subject to Term Sheet confirmation. Employment figures are scaled from standard manufacturing parameters. Exogenesis™ candidacy is subject to feedstock characterisation. Pricing is available under a Circular Supply Agreement (CSA) or a Circular Materials Offtake Agreement (CMOA) — contact Carbotura.